THE WORLD CIVILIZATIONS AND INDIA , PART-95

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VIETNAM ( SERIES -13 )

JAYA SIMHAVARMAN-IV AND OTHER JAYA KINGS OF CHAMPA

JAYA SIMHAVARMAN-IV or MAHENDRAVARMAN or CHE CHI was the son of CHE MAN and the first queen Princess BHASKARADEVI . He was born in 1284 AD as Prince HARIJITATMAJA . He ruled CHAMPA from 1307 AD to 1312 AD . As we know that his DAI VIET’S mother refused to die with his father CHE MAN on the name of SATI , so he went to recapture the two districts ceded by CHAMPA to DAI VIET in the past . But he was defeated by the King of DAI VIET . He was then arrested and put behind the bars . And after his arrest by the DAI VIET King , his brother CHE DA A BA or CHE NANG was deputed to govern CHAMPA by the King of DAI VIET .

VASSAL KING CHE NANG OF CHAMPA

CHE NANG was the son of King JAYA SIMHAVARMAN-III and his JAVANESE queen TAPASI . He was a DAI VIET Vassal King of CHAMPA . His name was also SIMHAVARMAN . During his reign , he tried to conquer previously lost territories of O and LY of CHAMPA . As a result , TRAN MINH TONG , the then VIETNAMESE Emperor , sent General TRAN QUOC CHAN and General PHAM NGU LAO in 1318 AD to defeat CHE NANG . And CHE NANG could not face these Generals and was defeated . After defeat , he fled away to JAVA at his maternal uncle place as such .

KING JAYA ANANDA OF CHAMPA

JAYA ANANDA or CHE A NAN was made King of CHAMPA after CHE NANG fled to JAVA . He reigned CHAMPA from 1318 AD to 1336 AD . He won the independence of CHAMPA against TRAN MINH TONG , the fifth Emperor of DAI VIET in 1326 AD . His real name was PATALTHOR . He was originally from TRAN DYNASTY. But he got high military rank in CHAMPA which made him succeeded to the throne . After his death in 1336 AD , his brother-in-law TRA HOA BO DE fought for the throne for six years . His legitimate heir was CHE MO . CHE MO fled to the court of TRAN DO TONG , the seventh Emperor of the TRAN DYNASTY of DAI VIET . He died there in 1353 AD soon after a failed expedition to restore his throne of CHAMPA as such . And his brother-in-law TRA HOA BO DE became the King of CHAMPA the same year who ruled CHAMPA uptil 1360 AD .

KING CHE BONG NGH OF CHAMPA

CHE BONG NGH or CEI BUNGA ruled CHAMPA from 1360 AD to 1390 AD . He is also known as the RED KING in the VIETNAMESE stories . BUNGA is the MALAY word for flower . And CHE is the VIETNAMESE transliteration of CEI . In the CHAM language it means uncle . It was frequently used in CHAMPA for General . His issues included CHE MA NO DA NAN , CHE SO NA and an unknown daughter . He was ruler of 13th Dynasty of CHAMPA . He was also known as PO BINASUOR . But he should not be confused with PO BINNASUAR , the King of PANDURANGA who ruled from 1316 AD to 1361 AD . He was the last strong King of the Kingdom of CHAMPA . And he died in 1390 AD .

KING KO CHENG OF CHAMPA

Following the death of CHE BONG NGA by a musketry Salvo , KO CHENG or LA KHAI became the King of CHAMPA from 1390 AD to 1400 AD . He was the General of CHE BONG NGA who retreated back to CHAMPA in 1390 AD and declared himself as the King of CHAMPA . He usurped the two sons of CHE BONG NGA namely : 1. CHE MA-NO DA-NAN ; and 2. CHE SAN-NO . His regnal name was SRI JAYA SIMHAVARMAN DEVA or JAYA SIMHAVARMAN-VI . And name of his Dynasty was VRSU DYNASTY . And his wife’s name was PARMESVARI . But during his reign , he abandoned most of the territories won by his predecessor, King CHE BONG NGH .

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KING INDRAVARMAN-VI OF CHAMPA

INDRAVARMAN-VI was the King of CHAMPA from 1400 AD to 1441 AD . He took the regnal name as INDRAVARMAN-VI when crowned in 1432 AD . Otherwise his name was BA DICH LAI , CHANG PA TI LAI, VIRABHADRAVARMAN or NGAUK KLAUNG VIJAYA . He was also from VRSU DYNASTY , that’s why his name also was VRSUVAMSA . He was the son of King SIMHAVARMAN-VI . During his reign , CHAM sphere of influence penetrated deep into the present day Central Highlands . Central Highlands is one of the regions of VIETNAM . Region wise VIETNAM is divided into three regions namely : 1. CENTRAL HIGHLANDS ; 2. WESTERN HIGHLANDS ; and 3. MIDLAND HIGHLANDS . In 1403 AD , VIETNAMESE resumed their hostility . They led seige of the capital of CHAMPA , VIJAYA . However , they faced defeat there and were forced to leave VIJAYA after nine months . In 1405 AD , King INDRAVARMAN-VI filed a memorial to the court of MING DYNASTY of CHINA convincing him that DAI NGU king HO HAN THUONG had been violating his borders by conducting raids in his Kingdom in the previous year . And accordingly the DAI NGU was defeated by the MING DYNASTY in 1407 AD . Then INDRAVARMAN-VI managed to recoñquer the ĺost territory of CHAMPA in the south of HAI VAN PASS . A sitting LORD SIVA statue was erected in DRANG LAI , GIA LAI following that victory . Again to celebrate the victory over DAI VIET , he ordered the establishment of a city called SAMRDDHIPURI in 1409 AD . On the other hand , in view of declining KHMER Empire , he attacked the ANKOR territories which compelled the CAMBODIAN King PONHEA YAT to seek intervention from the CHINESE MING DYNASTY . So , in 1408 AD and even in 1414 AD , MING army from recently occupied JIAOZHI ( FORMER DAI VIET ) entered into CHAMPA and threatened INDRAVARMAN-VI about the consequences of such hostility against CAMBODIA . Despite such threat from MING army , King INDRAVARMAN-VI invaded CAMBODIAN territories in the MEKONG DELTA and annexed many parts of it including the well known marketing town of BIEN HOA . He also installed a statue of LORD TRIBHUVANAKRANTA ( LORD VISHNU ) there to mark the southern most extent of the Kingdom of CHAMPA . On the other hand , he , in order to maintain neutrality with DAI VIET , gave up the important province of INDRAPURA in favour of DAI VIET .

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