THE WORLD CIVILIZATIONS AND INDIA , PART-94

VIETNAM ( SERIES -12 )

SOME OTHER KINGS OF CHAMPA

As we know that the regnal of the CHAMPA Rulers were originated from the HINDU tradition . Titles of the king prefixed like : JAYA ( VICTORY ) , MAHA ( GREAT ) , SRI ( GLORY ) etc. Similarly , their aliases were like : BHADRAVARMAN , VIKRANTAVARMAN , RUDRAVARMAN , SIMHAVARMAN , INDRAVARMAN , PARMESVARAVARMAN , HARIVARMAN etc. And all such aliases were suffixed with VARMAN which belonged to the caste KSHATRIYA as such . And the historical records states that the last king of CHAMPA was deposed by MINH MANG in 1832 . MING MANG or MINH MENH ( Literary meaning : The bright favour of Heaven ) who was the second Emperor of NGUYEN Dynasty of VIETNAM who reigned from 14th February 1820 AD until his death on 20th January 1841 AD .

KING JAYA INDRAVARMAN-VI OF CHAMPA INDRAVARMAN-VI was the King of CHAMPA from 1254 AD to 1257 AD . He was the grandson of JAYA HARIVARMAN-I and the younger brother of JAYA PARMESVARAVARMAN-II . He was said to be a very peaceful Sovereign . He was well versed in all branches of knowledge including the philosophies of various schools . However , he was assassinated by his nephew , INDRAVARMAN-V . INDRAVARMAN-V , after assassinating his uncle King JAYA INDRAVARMAN-VI , became king of CHAMPA whose reign began in 1257 AD . But his coronation was performed only in 1266 AD as such . He had three wives namely : 1. PARAMARATNASTRI ; 2. SURYALAKSMI ; and 3. GAURENDRAKSMI . He had two issues : 1. JAYA SIMHAVARMAN-III ; and 2. PRINCESS SURYADEVI . King JAYA INDRAVARMAN-V was a very strong-hearted man . He declined to submit himself in person to the MONGOL King KUBLAI KHAN . However , he subjected himself to the humiliation of the MONGOL commanders SOGETU and LIU CHONG dividing his kingdom into administrative unites . SUGETU launch an invasion of CHAMPA in 1282 AD forcing INDRAVARMAN-V and his son CHE MAN or HARIJIT to flee to mountains .

PRINCE CHE MAN OR HARIJIT & CHAMPA

In 1282 AD , MONGOL Emperor KUBLAI KHAN tried to gain passage through CHAMPA of his Ambassadors . But Prince CHE MAN took them all as prisoners . KUBLAI KHAN then asked the TRAN Dynasty of DAI VIET for entrance into CHAMPA . But he received denial from DAI VIET . So in early 1283 AD , he dispatch a fleet of 100 Warship led by SOGETU and invaded CHAMPA . Attack with such a huge YUAN troops with their naval and armor superiority compelled CHAM people to drive out of the capital of VIJAYA . INDRAVARMAN-V and crown prince CHE MAN ( HARIJIT ) fled into the mountains . From there they started waging guerrilla resistance against the enemy and refused to surrender . All this forced the MONGOLS to suffer heat , illness , lack of supplies and desertion . Then SOGETU requested KUBLAI KHAN for reinforcement and supplies . Whereupon KUBLAI KHAN quickly responded and sent a fleet of 20,000 troops and 200 Warships under QUTUQ and ARIQ QAYA . The YUAN logistics arrived CHAMPA in April 1284 AD . But due to lack of coordination the YUAN troops could not catch up the warring SOGETU forces which had already marched northward destroying CHAM Port cities along his way north . Still King INDRAVARMAN-V and Prince CHE MAN were quite adamant to bow before KUBLAI KHAN which the latter found dishonored . On the other hand facing unexpected CHAM defiance , KUBLAI KHAN ordered his eleventh son Prince TOGHON to organise a lañd invasion of CHAMPA through DAI VIET . But the DAI VIET King then aligned with CHAMPA . They decisively defeated YUAN forces in June 1285 AD at the battle of CHUONG DUONG . And the death of the top MONGOL leader , SAGATOU , was virtually the beginning of the end of the MONGOL invasion of CHAMPA and ANNAM .

PRINCE CHE MAN MARRIAGE WITH HUYEN TRAN , THE DAI VIET PRINCESS

The mutual fighting against MONGOL brought DAI VIET and CHAMPA close together . This resulted in the marriage of the daughter Princess HUYEN TRAN of DAI VIET Emperor TRAN NHAN TONG with Prince CHE MAN of CHAMPA in exchange for the provinces of CHAU O and CHAU LY . His other ‘first rank wife’ or ‘first queen’ was BHASKARADEVI . His marriage didn’t end here . He also married a prince from JAVA whose name was Princess TAPASI . He ruled CHAMPA from 1288 AD to 1307 AD under title name of King JAYA SIMHAVARMAN-III . When he was still a junior King or Prince , he authorized the construction of a temple dedicating for the lady of KAUTHARA at PO NAGAR temple of NHA TRANG . During his reign JAYA SIMHAVARMAN-III donated several structures and pavilions to PO KLAUNG GARAI at PHANG RANG . He also started construction of YANG PRONG , another religious temple located in EA SUP District in Central Highlands . However , he died soon after the Princess HUYEN TRANG refused to die with her husband on the name of SATI . It was considered as the national disgrace to CHAMPA . In response to this , CHE MAN’S son CHE CHI set out to recapture two districts ceded in the past by CHAMPA to DAI VIET . But he was defeated and was arrested by DAI VIET . He died there as a prisoner .