THE WORLD CIVILIZATIONS AND INDIA , PART-90

VIETNAM ( SERIES -8 )

KING HARIVARMAN-III AND OTHER KINGS OF CHAMPA ( VIETNAM )

HARIVARMAN-III was the King of CHAMPA from 1007 AD to 1018 AD . His predecessor was YANG PU KU VIJAYA SRI . He was a MAHAYANA BUDDHIST . During his reign in 1008 AD , a civil war between HARIVARMAN-III and General PAMR RAUN broke out in CHAMPA . However , General PAMR RAUN surrendered and the civil war was suppressed . King HARIVARMAN-III sent an embassy to SONG CHINA to seek investiture . Five year later he sent another embassy to SONG CHINA to pay tributes and gifts to the CHINESE Emperor . During these envoys , CHAMPA rice was sent to CHINA along with the image of the little Goddess PO NAGAR for His Highness the Emperor of CHINA . We get all these information from an Inscription dated 1013 AD . And much is unknown about him and his CHINESE successor YANG PU KU SRI . He died in 1018 AD in NHA TRANG .

KING VIKRANTAVARMAN-IV OF CHAMPA

VIKRANTAVARMAN-IV succeeded a CHINESE King known as YANG PU KU SRI in 1030 AD and allegedly reigned till 1041 AD . He was the son of PARMESVARAVARMAN-II . In October 1030 AD , VIKRANTAVARMAN-III sent a deplomatic delegation to the court of the Emperor of CHINA along with tributes of enormous amount of exotic . These tributes included PUTCHUK ( AN INDIAN HERBAL PLANT ALSO CALLED INDIAN COSTUS ) , turtle shells , ivory , rhino horns and frankincense . His reign appeared to be full of hardship and struggle and very little is known about him . He was succeeded by his son and Crown Prince JAYA SIMHAVARMAN-II who ruled over CHAMPA from 1041 AD to 1044 AD .

KING JAYA SIMHAVARMAN-II OF CHAMPA

JAYA SIMHAVARMAN-II was the King of CHAMPA from 1041 AD to 1044 AD . He was the son of VIKRANTAVARMAN-IV who sent an envoy with enormous tributes to the Emperor’s Court of SONG CHINA in 1042 AD . It appears from the available historical sources that JAYA SIMHAVARMAN-II might have faced serious troubles during his short-lived reign . King LY THAI TONG of DAI VIET accused the CHAM King JAYA SIMHAVARMAN-II alleging raid in DAI VIET territory . Henceforth he provoked war against CHAMPA . And DAI VIET made a landfall in the coastal HUE-DA NANG region of CHAMPA from the sea in January 1044 AD . These northern raiders plundered the cities , ravaged the region and fought with CHAM army led by the CHAM King . Unprepared , SIMHAVARMAN-II’S army had been routed . He himself was supposed to be decapitated by the DAI VIET army . Then LY THAI TONG took his soldiers and entered the city of INDRAPURA . The raiders sacked the city . They took away the royal harum including a CHAM Princess named as MI E and 5000 women , artisans , laborers etc. to the north i.e DAI VIET . After that , with much surprise PARMESVARAVARMAN-I , who was from a noble family , came to power . He was a warrior . A very courageous man .

KING JAYA PARMESVARAVARMAN-I OF CHAMPA

JAYA PARMESVARAVARMAN-I ruled CHAMPA from 1044 AD to 1060 AD . His personal name was ISVARAMURTI . He founded a Dynasty which would dominantaly ruled MANDAL CHAMPA until 1074 AD . His Dynasty was centralized around NHA TRANG and PHAN RANG . His religion was HINDUISM . After the JAYA SIMHAVARMAN-II’S demise following CHAMPA-DAI VIET war , a military commander born from a noble family of warrior traditions ascended the crown himself as JAYA PARMESVARAVARMAN-I in 1044 AD . This new Dynasty claimed to have descended from the mythical UROJA who was also called as PO YAN INA NAGAR . However , his authority was challenged by the people of the principality of PANDURANGA . They revolted against him because the principality had selected a prince from PHAN RANG to be the king of the kings . And thus , they refused to recognize PARMESVARAVARMAN-I’S authority . PARMESVARAVARMAN-I sent his nephew , the crown prince with title SRI DEVARAJA MAHASENAPATI , to quell off the PANDURANGA rebellion in 1050 AD . The rebels were defeated on the field . Many rebels flew to mountains . Ultimately the rebellion was pacified . The Crown Prince took the rebels captive . And those who captivated were divided into two groups : THE FIRST WERE ASSIGNED TO REBUILD THE CITY OF PANRANG ( PHAN RANG ) ; AND THE SECOND WERE ASSIGNED THE DUTY TO SERVE AT TEMPLES AND MONASTERIES . PARMESVARAVARMAN-I then celebrated the victory over rebels by erecting Inscriptions and SIVA LINGAS to commemorate his accomplishments in PO KLONG GARAI TEMPLE . Simultaneously he shifted his court to NHA TRANG in the same year . He also renovated the temple of PO NAGAR . Moreover , envoys were sent to the court of SONG DYNASTY of CHINA in 1050 AD , 1053 AD and 1056 AD . In 1053 AD , the envoy was accompanied by PU SIMAYING ( ABU ISMAIL ) and LIANG BAO. Similarly , in 1056 AD , the envoy delegation was accompanied by PU XITUOPA . SRI YUVARAJA SENAPATI claimed to have conquered the KHMER city of SAMBHUPURA and his forces destroyed almost all KHMER temples and looted them . And he donated all the looted things to the refurbishing temple of SRISANABHADRESVARA at MY SON as such . PARMESVARAVARMAN-I’S successor was a grandson named as BHADRAVARMAN-III who ruled CHAMPA for only two years or so from 1060 AD to 1061 AD . Later he was succeeded by his younger brother RUDRAVARMAN-III .